Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up.

Numerous components of fruit and vegetables are considered to decrease the risk of gastric carcinoma. In the current prospective study, the authors examined the association between the intake of vitamins, carotenoids, and dietary fiber and vitamin supplement use and the incidence rate of gastric carcinoma. The Netherlands Cohort Study began in 1986 with 120,852 men and women ages 55-69 years. Data regarding diet and other covariates were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. After 6.3 years of follow-up, data regarding 282 incident cases of gastric carcinoma and 3123 subcohort members were available for case-cohort analyses. In analyses adjusted for age, gender, smoking history, education, stomach disorders, and family history of gastric carcinoma, an inverse association with vitamin C intake (relative risk [RR] for highest vs. lowest intake category, 0.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.5-1.0) was observed, with a borderline significant trend across three intake categories (P = 0. 06). After the exclusion of cases diagnosed in the first and second follow-up years, the RR was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6-1.2; P trend = 0.44). Intake of retinol and beta-carotene were associated positively with gastric carcinoma risk with highest versus lowest quintile RRs of 1. 6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.5; P trend = 0.02) and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.6; P trend = 0.13), respectively, after the exclusion of first-year and second-year cases. Intake of folate, vitamin E, alpha-carotene, lutein plus zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and dietary fiber was not associated with gastric carcinoma. Patients who used vitamin A-containing supplements had a lower risk of gastric carcinoma than nonusers (RR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9). No clear inverse associations were found between the intake of vitamins, carotenoids, and dietary fiber and the risk of gastric carcinoma after adjustment for confounding variables and the exclusion of first-year and second-year cases.

Botterweck AA ，van den Brandt PA ，Goldbohm RA 《CANCER》

Are retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, folate and carotenoids intake associated with bladder cancer risk? Results from the Netherlands Cohort Study.

In the Netherlands Cohort Study among 120 852 subjects aged 55-69 years at baseline (1986), the association between vitamins and carotenoids intake, vitamin supplement use, and bladder cancer incidence was examined. Exposure status was measured with a food-frequency questionnaire. After 6.3 years of follow-up, data from 569 cases and 3123 subcohort members were available for case-cohort analyses. The age-, sex-, and smoking-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for retinol, vitamin E, folate, a-carotene, b-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene were 1.04, 0.98, 1.03, 0.99, 1.16, 1.11, and 1.08, respectively, comparing highest to lowest quintile of intake. Only vitamin C (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.61-1.07, P-trend = 0.08), and b-cryptoxanthin intake (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53-1.03, P-trend < 0.01) were inversely associated with bladder cancer risk. The association with vitamin C disappeared after adjustment for b-cryptoxanthin but not vice versa. The RRs for supplemental use of vitamin A, C or E compared to no use were around unity. We conclude that dietary or supplemental intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and intake of folate, and most carotenoids are not associated with bladder cancer. In this study, only b-cryptoxanthin intake appeared to be inversely associated.

Zeegers MP ，Goldbohm RA ，van den Brandt PA 《-》

Toenail selenium levels and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study.

van den Brandt PA ，Zeegers MP ，Bode P ，Goldbohm RA ... -  《CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION》

Intake of dietary folate vitamers and risk of colorectal carcinoma: results from The Netherlands Cohort Study.

Several studies have reported inverse associations between folate intake and colorectal carcinoma risk. Few were prospective studies and none evaluated the association between the intake of individual folate vitamers and colorectal carcinoma risk. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between dietary folate intake and the risk of colorectal carcinoma in a large prospective cohort study in The Netherlands comprising 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 years. After 7.3 years of follow-up, 760 colon and 411 rectal carcinoma cases were available for analysis. Data processing and analysis used the case-cohort approach. A new Dutch database was used to estimate intakes of total and individual folate vitamers. Analyses adjusted for age, energy intake, family history of colorectal carcinoma, alcohol, vitamin C, iron, and dietary fiber intake yielded an inverse association between colon carcinoma risk and total dietary folate intake (rate ratio [RR]highest vs. lowest quintile, men: 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-1.17, P trend = 0.03; women: 0.68; 95% CI, 0.39-1.20, P trend = 0.18). An inverse association between rectal carcinoma and total dietary folate intake was found only among men (RR highest vs. lowest quintile, men: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.35-1.21, P trend = 0.03). Analyses showed no clear difference in colorectal carcinoma risk associated with intake of different folate vitamers. Dietary folate intake was related inversely to colon and male rectal carcinoma risk.

Konings EJ ，Goldbohm RA ，Brants HA ，Saris WH ，van den Brandt PA ... -  《CANCER》

A prospective cohort study on antioxidant and folate intake and male lung cancer risk.

Voorrips LE ，Goldbohm RA ，Brants HA ，van Poppel GA ，Sturmans F ，Hermus RJ ，van den Brandt PA ... -  《CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION》