Final height of patients with Turner's syndrome treated with growth hormone (GH): indications for GH therapy alone at high doses and late estrogen therapy. Italian Study Group for Turner Syndrome.

:We report final height data of patients with Turner's syndrome collected by the Italian Study Group for Turner's Syndrome. One hundred and thirty-five patients reached their final height during GH therapy with different therapeutic regimens (dose and combination). They were divided into 3 groups: group A, 74 patients with high doses of GH (1 IU/kg/week) for at least 2 yr; group A1, GH alone and estrogen therapy added not before 14 yr of chronological age (47 patients, of whom 30 were treated for >4 yr and 10 for >6 yr); group A2, GH plus ethinyl estradiol (17 patients) or GH plus oxandrolone (10 patients); group B, 51 patients with low doses of GH (0.5 IU/kg-week) and high doses of GH for less than 2 yr; and group C, 10 patients with high doses of GH with spontaneous menarche. In contrast to the patients of groups B and C, the patients of group A showed a significantly higher final height (mean, 147.5+/-6.5 cm) than their projected height (mean, 142.9+/-6.4 cm). They showed also a significantly higher final height compared to the subjects of groups B (mean, 145.6+/-5.7 cm) and C (mean, 143.0+/-5.3). Among the patients of group A, the best results were obtained in the patients of group A1 treated with GH alone at high doses and for a longer period (4 yr, 149.3+/-6.4 cm; 6 yr, 153.8+/-4.0 cm). Karyotype, GH secretion, and birth weight did not influence the efficacy of GH therapy. A low target height and a high prevalence of a spontaneous ovarian activity or menarche may negatively influence the effect of GH therapy. Estrogens did not improve final height when added to GH therapy. The use of small doses of oxandrolone was not effective in our experience. GH therapy provides a satisfactory auxological result, especially with high doses of GH alone, given for a long period of time. Optimization of the treatment would seem to require the identification of the ideal age for starting therapy, and this is only possible with a specially designed multicenter study.

Cacciari E ，Mazzanti L 《JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM》

Improved final height in girls with Turner's syndrome treated with growth hormone and oxandrolone.

Nilsson KO ，Albertsson-Wikland K ，Alm J ，Aronson S ，Gustafsson J ，Hagenäs L ，Häger A ，Ivarsson SA ，Karlberg J ，Kriström B ，Marcus C ，Moell C ，Ritzen M ，Tuvemo T ，Wattsgård C ，Westgren U ，Westphal O ，Aman J ... -  《JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM》

Final height in girls with Turner's syndrome treated with once or twice daily growth hormone injections. Dutch Advisory Group on Growth Hormone.

Sas TC ，de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM ，Stijnen T ，van Teunenbroek A ，Hokken-Koelega AC ，Waelkens JJ ，Massa GG ，Vulsma T ，Gerver WJ ，Reeser HM ，Delemarre-van de Waal HE ，Jansen M ，Drop SL ... -  《-》

Growth hormone therapy in Turner's syndrome: an update on final height. Genentech National Cooperative Study Group.

Rosenfeld RG 《-》

Growth-promoting effect of growth hormone and low dose ethinyl estradiol in girls with Turner's syndrome.

Vanderschueren-Lodeweyckx M ，Massa G ，Maes M ，Craen M ，van Vliet G ，Heinrichs C ，Malvaux P ... -  《JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM》