Tessaracoccus bendigoensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-positive coccus occurring in regular packages or tetrads, isolated from activated sludge biomass.

An isolate of a Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain Ben 106T, was obtained in pure culture by micromanipulation of a biomass sample obtained from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor. This isolate grew axenically as cocci or clusters of cocci arranged in regular tetrads and was morphologically similar to the dominant organism observed in the biomass. This morphology resembled that of some Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and the so-called 'G-bacteria' commonly seen in activated sludge samples. Strain Ben 106T is a non-motile, facultative anaerobe. It is oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and is capable of reducing nitrate. This organism can grow between 20 and 37 degrees C, with an optimum temperature of 25 degrees C. The pH range for growth is between 6.0 and 9.0, with an optimum pH of 7.5. The isolate stained positively for intracellular polyphosphate granules. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan is LL-diaminopimelic acid (LL-A2pm) with a glycine moiety at position 1 of the peptide subunit, which characterizes the presence of a rare peptidoglycan (type A3-gamma'). Two menaquinones, MK-9(H4) and MK-7(H4), are present and the main cellular fatty acid is 12-methyltetradecanoic acid. The G + C content is 74 mol%. From phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the isolate differed sufficiently from its closest phylogenetic relatives, namely Propionibacterium propionicum, Propioniferax innocua, Friedmanniella antarctica, Luteococcus japonicus and Microlunatus phosphovorus in the A1 subdivision of the Gram-positive bacteria (i.e. Firmicutes with a high G + C content), suborder Propionibacterineae, to be placed in a new genus, Tessaracoccus, as Tessaracoccus bendigoensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is Ben 106T (= ACM 5119T).

Maszenan AM ，Seviour RJ ，Patel BK ，Schumann P ，Rees GN ... -  《-》

Three isolates of novel polyphosphate-accumulating gram-positive cocci, obtained from activated sludge, belong to a new genus, Tetrasphaera gen. nov., and description of two new species, Tetrasphaera japonica sp. nov. and Tetrasphaera australiensis sp. no

Two isolates of Gram-positive cocci (Ben 109T and Ben 110) which could accumulate polyphosphate and were microscopically similar in appearance to so-called 'G-bacteria', appearing as tetrads, were isolated from samples of activated sludge biomass by micromanipulation and grown in axenic culture. On the basis of their phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters and 16S rDNA sequences, these isolates, together with strain T1-X7T isolated and described previously in Japan, belong to a new genus. These isolates are phylogenetically different from Tessaracoccus bendigoensis, Friedmanniella spumicola and Friedmanniella capsulata, Gram-positive cocci isolated previously in this laboratory. They are characterized by type A1 gamma peptidoglycan, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The main cellular fatty acid of Ben 109T, Ben 110 and T1-X7T is 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (i-C16:0). The major menaquinones of Ben 109T are MK-8(H4), with MK-8(H2) and MK-8 in trace amounts. In Ben 110 MK-8(H4) and MK-6(H4) are the major menaquinones, while T1-X7T has MK-8(H4), MK-7(H4) and MK-6(H4) as its menaquinones. All three contain phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as their polar lipids. These properties, together with 16S rDNA sequence data, suggest that they all belong to a single new genus for which the name Tetrasphaera gen. nov. is proposed. However, the lipid, cellular fatty acid profiles and DNA-DNA similarity data suggest that Ben 109T and Ben 110 are sufficiently different from T1-X7T to represent a different species of the genus Tetrasphaera. Strain T1-X7T represents the type species Tetrasphaera japonica sp. nov. of this new genus, and strains Ben 109T and Ben 110 belong to the other species, Tetrasphaera australiensis sp. nov.

Maszenan AM ，Seviour RJ ，Patel BK ，Schumann P ，Burghardt J ，Tokiwa Y ，Stratton HM ... -  《international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology》

Friedmanniella spumicola sp. nov. and Friedmanniella capsulata sp. nov. from activated sludge foam: gram-positive cocci that grow in aggregates of repeating groups of cocci.

Two Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, pigmented cocci, strains Ben 107T and Ben 108T, growing in aggregates were isolated from activated sludge samples by micromanipulation. Both possessed the rare type A3 gamma' peptidoglycan. Major menaquinones of strain Ben 107T were MK-9(H4) and MK-7(H2), and the main cellular fatty acid was 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (ai-C15:0). In strain Ben 108T, MK-9(H4), MK-9(H2) and MK-7(H4) were the menaquinones and again the main fatty acid was 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (ai-C15:0). Polar lipids in both strains consisted of phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl glycerol and diphosphatidyl glycerol with two other unidentified glycolipids and phospholipids also present in both. These data, together with the 16S rDNA sequence data, suggest that strain Ben 107T belongs to the genus Friedmanniella which presently includes a single recently described species, Friedmanniella antarctica. Although the taxonomic status of strain Ben 108T is far less certain, on the basis of its 16S rRNA sequence it is also adjudged to be best placed in the genus Friedmanniella. The chemotaxonomic characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data support the view that Ben 107T and Ben 108T are novel species of the genus Friedmanniella. Hence, it is proposed that strain Ben 107T (= ACM 5121T) is named as Friedmanniella spumicola sp. nov. and strain Ben 108T (= ACM 5120T) as Friedmanniella capsulata sp. nov.

Maszenan AM ，Seviour RJ ，Patel BK ，Schumann P ，Burghardt J ，Webb RI ，Soddell JA ，Rees GN ... -  《-》

Quadrisphaera granulorum gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-positive polyphosphate-accumulating coccus in tetrads or aggregates isolated from aerobic granules.

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain AG019(T), was isolated by micromanipulation from aerobic granules obtained from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor. This isolate grew axenically as cocci clustered predominantly in tetrads, and was morphologically similar to the dominant organisms observed in the biomass. The morphology also resembled that of the tetrad-forming organisms commonly seen in activated sludge samples. Strain AG019(T) was found to be an oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, non-motile aerobe that does not reduce nitrate and grows at temperatures between 15 and 40 degrees C, with an optimum at 37 degrees C. The pH range for growth was 5.0-9.0, with an optimum at pH 7.5. Strain AG019(T) contained a peptidoglycan with directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1gamma) and lacked mycolic acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 75 mol%. Menaquinone MK-8(H(2)) was the major isoprenoid quinone. The bacterium stained positively for intracellular polyphosphate granules but not for poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates. It produced capsular material and showed autoaggregation ability. Phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene analyses showed that the bacterium differed sufficiently from its closest phylogenetic relatives, namely members of the suborder Frankineae, which includes the genera Geodermatophilus, Blastococcus, Frankia, Sporichthya, Acidothermus and Microsphaera, that it is proposed that it be placed in a novel genus, Quadrisphaera, as Quadrisphaera granulorum gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is AG019(T) (=ATCC BAA-1104(T)=DSM 44889(T)).

Maszenan AM ，Tay JH ，Schumann P ，Jiang HL ，Tay ST ... -  《international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology》

Granulicoccus phenolivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-positive, phenol-degrading coccus isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules.

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain PG-02(T), was isolated by serial dilution from aerobic granules obtained from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor for bioremediation of phenolic wastewater. Strain PG-02(T) grew axenically as cocci and is an oxidase-negative and catalase-positive, non-motile facultative anaerobe. It does not reduce nitrate and grows between 15 and 37 degrees C, with an optimum temperature of 30 degrees C. The pH range for growth is between 5.0 and 8.5, with an optimum pH of 7.0. Strain PG-02(T) contains type A3gamma peptidoglycan (ll-A(2)pm<--Gly with alanine at position 1 of the peptide subunit). The G+C content of the DNA is 69 mol%. Menaquinone MK-9(H(4)) was the major isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, while 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (i-C(15 : 0)) and 1,1-dimethoxy-iso-pentadecane (i-C(15 : 0) DMA) were the major components in whole-cell methanolysates. PG-02(T) stained positively for intracellular polyphosphate granules but not poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates. It produces capsular material and possesses an autoaggregation capability. Phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that PG-02(T) differed from its closest phylogenetic relatives, namely members of the suborder Propionibacterineae, which includes the genera Tessaracoccus, Microlunatus, Luteococcus, Micropruina, Propionibacterium, Propioniferax, Nocardioides, Friedmanniella and Aeromicrobium, and that it should be placed in a new genus and species as Granulicoccus phenolivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Granulicoccus phenolivorans is PG-02(T) (=ATCC BAA-1292(T)=DSM 17626(T)).

Maszenan AM ，Jiang HL ，Tay JH ，Schumann P ，Kroppenstedt RM ，Tay ST ... -  《international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology》